Breast Cancer
At the forefront of oncology, Dr. Ajay Gogia brings unparalleled expertise to the management of all types of breast cancer. His approach to breast cancer care is rooted in providing comprehensive, cutting-edge treatment tailored to each individual. From meticulous prevention strategies and advanced screening protocols to the application of the latest therapies—including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy— Dr. Gogia is dedicated to guiding patients through their journey with a focus on optimal outcomes and compassionate support.
About Breast Cancer
Stages of Breast Cancer
- Stage 0 (Ductal Carcinoma In Situ - DCIS): Non-invasive cancer where abnormal cells are confined to the milk ducts and have not spread into surrounding breast tissue.
- Stage I: Invasive cancer that is small (up to 2 cm) and has not spread beyond the breast or has only spread to a tiny area in the sentinel lymph node.
- Stage II: Invasive cancer that is larger (2-5 cm) or has spread to a few nearby lymph nodes.
- Stage III: Locally advanced cancer that is larger than 5 cm, has spread to several nearby lymph nodes, or has invaded nearby tissues (like the chest wall or skin), but has not spread to distant sites.
- Stage IV (Metastatic Breast Cancer): The cancer has spread beyond the breast and regional lymph nodes to distant parts of the body, such as the bones, lungs, liver, or brain.
Causes of Breast Cancer
While the exact cause of breast cancer is not always known, several risk factors can increase an individual’s likelihood of developing the disease. These factors can be broadly categorized as follows:
Symptoms of Breast Cancer

A New Lump or Mass in the Breast or Underarm
This is often the most common symptom, which may feel firm or thick and differ from the surrounding tissue.
1

Changes in Breast Size or Shape
One breast becoming noticeably larger or changing its contour.
2

Skin Changes on the Breast
Dimpling, puckering, redness, scaling, or thickening of the breast skin (like an orange peel texture).
3
Symptoms of
Breast
Cancer
4

Nipple Changes
A newly inverted nipple, nipple discharge (other than breast milk), or changes in the skin around the nipple (e.g., scaling, crusting, flaking).
5

Breast Pain
Persistent breast or nipple pain, though less common as an isolated symptom.
6

Swelling
Swelling of all or part of a breast, even if no distinct lump is felt.
7

Lymph Node Swelling
Swelling around the collarbone or in the armpit.
Frequently Asked Questions
The frequency of screenings depends on your age, risk factors, and personal health history. Generally, women are advised to start annual mammograms from age 40 or 45. Discuss a personalized screening schedule with your doctor, especially if you have a family history or known genetic mutations.
About 5-10% of breast cancers are considered hereditary, meaning they are caused by inherited gene mutations (like BRCA1 and BRCA2). A strong family history, especially multiple relatives affected at a young age, warrants genetic counseling and testing.
Yes, dense breasts contain less fatty tissue and more glandular and fibrous tissue. This can make it harder to detect abnormalities on mammograms and is also an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Supplemental screening methods may be recommended for women with dense breasts.
Treatment plans are highly individualized based on the cancer’s stage, type, hormone receptor status, and the patient’s overall health. Common treatments include surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy (for hormone-positive cancers), targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
The prognosis for breast cancer varies greatly depending on factors such as the stage at diagnosis, the biological characteristics of the tumor, and the effectiveness of treatment. Early detection significantly improves survival rates. Advances in treatment continue to improve outcomes for many patients.
Our Expert Team
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Margaret Anderson
Mark Anthony
Senior Pathologist
Samantha Wood
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